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An  Historic  Tour 

A  PILGRIMAGE 

to  tke  Birtkplace  of 
American  Likerty, 
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foremost  Autkors 


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An  Historic  T  our 

A  PILGRIMAGE 

to  the  Birthplace  of 
American  Liberty, 
and  the  homes  of  our 
foremost  Au  th  ors 


Published  Exclusively  For 

BUSCH’S  AUTO  TOURS 


THE  WORCESTER  PRESS 
PRINTERS 

OLD  SOUTH  BUILDING,  BOSTON 


COPYRIGHT  1909 
J.  J.  BUSCH 


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OUR  tour  begins  at  Park  Square,  the  starting  point  of  the 
British  Troops  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  when  they 
made  their  famous  expedition  to  Lexington  and  Concord. 

Here  may  be  seen  the  Emancipation  Group — represent¬ 
ing  Abraham  Lincoln  freeing  the  slaves.  This  statue  is  a 
copy  of  the  one  in  Lincoln  Square,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  was 
presented  to  the  city  of  Boston  in  1879  by  the  Hon.  Moses 
Kimball. 

Ahead,  is  Boston  Common,  the  oldest  public  park  in 
America,  covering  an  area  of  forty  eight  acres.  It  was  the 
camping  ground  of  the  British  Troops  for  six  years  preceding 
the  Evacuation  of  Boston. 

The  Public  Gardens  are  under  perfect  cultivation  and  hor¬ 
ticultural  development  and  contain  a  large  and  valuable  col¬ 
lection  of  plants,  also  several  beautiful  statues  including  a 
bronze  equestrian  statue  of  Gen.  Washington;  the  largest  in 
the  United  States.  Also  a  statue  commemorating  the  dis¬ 
covery  of  ether. 

Opposite  the  Public  Gardens  is  the  Arlington  Street  Uni¬ 
tarian  Church,  noted  throughout  New  England  for  its  chimes 
and  choir.  It  was  presided  over  for  many  years  by  William 
E.  Channing,  the  celebrated  Unitarian  divine,  a  statue  of 
whom  may  be  seen  opposite  in  the  Public  Gardens. 

On  the  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Boylston  Streets  is  the 
Berkeley  Building  designed  by  a  student  of  Tech.  The  build¬ 
ing  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  on  the  opposite 
corner  contains  a  mounted  specimen  of  almost  every  known 
animal  and  bird  and  a  library  of  five  thousand  volumes.  The 
two  adjoining  buildings  are  those  of  the  Massachusetts  Insti¬ 
tute  of  Technology,  recognized  as  the  finest  technical  school 


3 


in  the  United  States.  The  first  building  is  the  Rogers  Build¬ 
ing,  named  after  the  founder  of  the  Institute.  The  next, 
the  Walker  Building,  was  named  for  a  former  president  of 
the  Institute. 


RECTORY  TRINITY  CHURCH,  COPLEY  SQ.,  BOSTON 

We  next  enter  Copley  Square,  named  for  the  famous 
artist,  John  Singleton  Copley.  To  the  left  is  Trinity  Church 
and  Rectory,  designed  by  Henry  H.  Richardson,  and  was 
presided  over  for  twenty  consecutive  years  by  the  beloved 
Philips  Brooks. 

Just  beyond  the  church  is  the  Hotel  Westminster,  having 
the  only  roof  cafe  in  New  England.  The  ivy  covered  church 
is  the  Second  Church  of  Boston,  numbering  among  its  pastors 
Increase  Mather,  Cotton  Mather  and  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 


4 


The  granite  building  is  the  Boston  Public  Library  designed  by 
Stanford  White.  It  is  the  second  largest  circulating  library 
in  the  United  States  and  in  addition  to  its  magnificent  collec¬ 
tion  of  books  it  contains  many  noted  paintings  by  famous 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

masters,  including  the  Holy  Grail  by  Abbey,  and  some  of 
Sargent’s  work.’  To  the  right  is  the  New  Old  South  Church; 
built  in  1875  to  take  the  place  of  the  Old  South  Meeting 
House.  This  building  is  modelled  after  the  Mosque  of  Omar 
and  has  the  highest  tower  in  the  city,  standing  two  hun¬ 
dred  and  forty  eight  feet  high. 

The  Boston  University  College  of  Liberal  Arts  on  the  left 
was  formerly  the  Harvard  Medical  School  Building. 


5 


Looking  to  the  left,  across  the  New  York  Central  train 
yards  can  be  seen  Mechanic’s  Pavilion  the  home  of  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association  of  which  Paul 
Revere  was  the  first  President.  Its  two  Exhibition  Halls, — 
Paul  Revere  and  Talbot — cover  an  area  of  four  and  one  half 
acres.  It  is  here  all  the  large  conventions  and  fairs  are  held. 


CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE  TEMPLE.  “THE  MOTHER  CHURCH.” 

Looking  still  further  beyond  the  yards  we  see  the  large,  gran¬ 
ite  dome  of  the  new  Christian  Science  Temple  founded  by  Mrs. 
Mary  Baker  Eddy.  It  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000.  The 
top  of  the  dome  stands  three  feet  higher  than  Bunker  Hill 
Monument,  being  224  ft.  above  the  sidewalk.  This  church 
has  a  full  set  of  Chinese  chimes.  The  small  church  with  the 
square  tower  is  the  mother  church  of  Christian  Science. 


6 


The  brick  building  with  the  granite  trimmings  on  the 
right  is  the  home  of  the  Boston  Tennis  Club  and  contains  the 
finest  indoor  tennis  courts  in  the  world. 

Ahead  may  be  obtained  a  glimpse  of  the  Back  Bay  Fens 
extending  for  a  distance  of  30  miles  in  and  (out)  about  the  city. 
In  the  Fens  are  located  Mrs.  Jack  Gardner’s  famous  Venetian 
Palace;  Simmons  College  for  Young  Ladies;  the  new  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts;  the  new  Harvard  Medical  Schools  and 
other  public  and  private  buildings. 

We  now  turn  into  Massachusetts  Avenue  extending  from 
the  water  front  in  Dorchester  to  Concord,  a  distance  of  26  miles. 
We  next  cross  Commonwealth  Avenue,  the  finest  street  in  New 
England.  It  is  228  feet  wide  from  curb  to  curb.  In  the  cen¬ 
tre  of  the  street  on  the  left  is  a  statue  of  Leif  Ericson,  some¬ 
times  called  Eric  the  Red,  who  was  supposed  to  have  landed 
on  these  shores  in  the  year  1,000.  The  statue  was  designed 
by  Miss  Anne  Whitney. 

The  building  with  the  red  tile  roof  seen  just  beyond  is  the 
Hotel  Somerset.  This  is  the  Back  Bay  section  of  Boston  and 
is  for  the  most  part  all  made  land.  We  are  now  approaching 
the  Harvard  Bridge  which  spans  the  Charles  River,  connect¬ 
ing  Boston  with  Cambridge.  The  river  at  this  point  is  almost 
half  a  mile  wide.  It  is  here  the  Harvard  crews  practice  and 
hold  some  of  their  races.  In  the  distance  on  the  left  is  Corey 
Hill,  the  beauty  spot  of  Brookline,  the  richest  town  of  its  size 
in  the  United  States. 

The  bridge  seen  to  the  right  with  the  four  granite  towers 
is  the  New  West  Boston  Bridge  built  jointly  by  the  cities  of 
Boston  and  Cambridge  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,000.  In  the  dis¬ 
tance  the  tall  granite  shaft  is  Bunker  Hill  Monument.  The 
corner  stone  was  laid  in  1825  by  Gen.  Lafayette.  It  was 
completed  18  years  later,  the  oration  being  delivered  by  Daniel 
Webster.  In  the  monument  are  6,700  tons  of  Quincy  Granite 


7 


built  at  a  cost  of  $170,000.  The  top  is  reached  by  294  steps 
and  is  221  ft.  high.  On  the  Cambridge  side  of  the  river  is  the 
Shoe  &  Leather  Exposition  Building.  On  the  left  is  River- 
bank  Court,  the  largest  apartment  hotel  in  New  England, 
containing  seven  hundred  rooms  and  one  thousand  windows. 


THE  NEW  $4,000,000  WEST  BOSTON  BRIDGE,  (RESERVATION  IN  THE 
CENTRE  FOR  CAMBRIDGE  SUBWAY  TRAINS) 


We  now  enter  Cambridge,  a  city  by  itself  with  a  population 
of  over  90,000.  It  is  said  to  be  the  largest  city  in  the  world 
without  a  hotel  or  theatre. 

In  a  few  moments  we  shall  reach  the  grounds  and  build¬ 
ings  of  Harvard  University.  Harvard  was  founded  in  1636 
by  a  party  of  graduates  from  Cambridge  University  in  Eng¬ 
land.  Among  the  number  was  John  Harvard  for  whom  the 
college  was  named.  He  died  one  year  later,  in  1637,  leaving 


8 


to  the  infant  university  his  entire  library  of  360  volumes  and 
half  his  fortune.  The  college  today  has  an  enrollment  of 
5,000  students  and  a  working  capital  of  $10,000,000.  It 
consists  of  17  distinct  departments,  exclusive  of  laboratory, 
dormitories  and  museums.  Its  three  museums  are  the  finest 
in  the  country. 

The  Agassiz  Museum  contains  the  only  collection  of  glass 
models  of  flowers  in  existence.  They  were  made  by  Prof. 
Breckenthau  in  the  northern  part  of  Germany. 

At  the  junction  of  Harvard  and  Quincy  Sts.  is  Harvard 
Union,  the  largest  social  organization  of  the  college.  Here 
the  two  college  papers,  the  Crimson  and  the  Lampoon  are 
published.  The  first  gate  on  the  right  is  the  Roosevelt  gate 
given  by  the  class  of  1880  of  which  the  ex-president  was  a 
member. 

The  granite  building  in  the  background  is  Gore  Hall  the 
University  Library,  the  third  largest  in  the  United  States, 
being  only  exceeded  in  number  of  volumes  by  the  Congres¬ 
sional  and  Boston  Public  Libraries. 

The  next  granite  building  is  Boylston  Hall,  the  chemical 
Laboratory.  The  old  yellow  wooden  building  on  the  right 
is  the  Wadsworth  House.  It  was  the  headquarters  of  Gen. 
Washington  during  his  encampment  in  Cambridge,  and  the 
house  in  which  all  Harvard  presidents  lived  from  the  time  of 
Wadsworth  to  Everett,  and  is  now  used  as  a  dormitory  by 
the  students.  The  tablet  on  the  sidewalk  on  the  right,  marks 
the  site  of  the  fourth  meeting  house  in  Cambridge,  in  which 
Washington  worshipped  in  1775,  and  where  Lafayette  was 
welcomed  in  1824. 

The  building  on  the  corner  is  Dane  Hall,  the  old  law 
school.  We  are  now  in  Harvard  Sq.,  the  financial  centre  of 
Cambridge.  Mathews  Hall  to  the  right  is  the  largest  dor¬ 
mitory  within  the  enclosure.  The  gate  ahead  on  the  right 


9 


is  Harvard  gate  the  main  entrance  to  the  university.  On 
this  side  of  the  gate  is  Massachusetts  Hall,  on  the  other  side 
is  Harvard  Hall.  Harvard  and  Massachusetts  are  the  two 
oldest  halls  within  the  inclosure.  They  were  used  as  bar¬ 
racks  by  Washington’s  troops. 


MEMORIAL  HALL  AND  SAUNDERS’  THEATRE,  HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 

CAMBRIDGE 


The  ivy-covered  building  in  the  foreground  is  Holden 
Chapel,  in  which  the  first  religious  exercises  were  held.  On 
the  right  hand  corner  is  the  Philips  Brooks  House,  in  which 
each  religious  denomination  has  the  use  of  one  room. 

The  building  surmounted  by  the  clock  is  Memorial  Hall, 
Harvard’s  most  prominent  building,  erected  to  the  memory 
of  the  students  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  Civil  War.  It  con¬ 
tains  a  banquet  Hall  in  which  1,400  students  eat  their  meals 


10 


daily;  also  the  Saunders  Theatre,  in  which  the  commence¬ 
ment  exercises  are  held.  There  may  be  seen  the  finest 
stained  glass  window  in  the  world,  designed  by  Sarah 
Whitman  of  Philadelphia.  On  the  corner  is  the  Hemenway 
Gymnasium.  The  red  granite  building  is  Austin  Hall,  the 
new  law  school. 

On  the  lawn  will  be  seen  two  tablets.  The  one  nearer 
the  auto  marks  the  spot  where  Gen.  Putnam,  took 
command  of  1,500  men  and  after  prayer  by  Pres.  Lang- 
dell,  marched  on  Bunker  Hill.  The  further  one  marks  the 
birthplace  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  The  next  to  the 
right  is  Hastings  Hall,  another  dormitory. 

The  cannon  about  the  soldiers  monument  on  the  common 
were  captured  at  Fort  Ticonderoga  by  Col.  Ethan  Allen,  and 
were  used  in  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  Gen.  Washington. 

The  Charles  Sumner  statue  is  seen  on  the  lawn  to  the  left. 
Still  to  the  left  is  the  old  Newtowne  burial  ground.  There 
are  the  graves  of  several  Harvard  presidents. 

Adjoining  the  cemetery  is  the  old  Christ  Church,  the  oldest 
in  Cambridge,  built  1760  and  occupied  by  the  Continental 
troops  in  1775.  The  organ  pipes  of  this  church  were  melted 
into  bullets  and  used  by  the  Continental  troops.  Beyond  the 
Church  are  the  buildings  of  Radcliffe  College,  for  the  higher 
education  of  women. 

In  the  centre  of  the  street  (within  the  enclosure)  is  the 
Washington  Elm,  under  which  Washington  first  took  com¬ 
mand  of  the  American  Army,  July  3,  1775. 

The  statue  on  the  common  to  the  right  is  that  of  John 
Bridge,  the  first  settler  in  Cambridge  and  supervisor  of  the 
first  public  school. 

Reaching  Porter  Square  the  long  yellow  frame  building 
behind  the  low  brick  building  is  the  old  Porter  Tavern,  stand¬ 
ing  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  and  used  as  the  headquar- 

11  '  ? 

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ters  of  Washington’s  officers.  We  will  in  a  moment  pass  a 
tablet  against  the  fence  on  the  left  marking  the  spot  where 
four  American  citizens  were  killed  by  the  retreating  British, 
April  19,  1775.  Crossing  the  little  brook  we  pass  into  the 
town  of  Arlington  which  in  olden  times  was  known  as  Menot- 
omy.  This  town  contributed  largely  in  men  and  money 
towards  the  cause  of  the  Revolution.  It  has  a  population 
of  about  12,000,  and  is  famous  for  its  market  gardens. 
On  reaching  the  little  church  on  the  right  by  looking  slightly 
to  the  rear  on  the  hill  may  be  seen  Tufts  College.  The  next 
tablet  passed  on  the  right  marks  the  site  of  the  Old  Black 
Horse  Tavern,  where  the  Committee  of  Safety  met  in  1775. 

We  next  enter  Arlington  Centre.  The  granite  monument 
on  the  right  is  in  memory  of  the  men  of  Arlington  who  lost 
their  lives  in  the  Civil  War.  The  old  yellow  building  on  the 
right  is  the  old  Cooper  Tavern.  Here  Jabez  Wyman  and 
Jason  Winship  were  killed  by  British  soldiers  April  19,  1775. 
The  road  next  to  the  tavern  is  the  original  one  over  which 
Paul  Revere  returned  to  the  county  road  after  having  passed 
through  Charlestown,  Somerville  and  Medford.  From  here 
we  follow  the  exact  route  taken  by  Paul  Revere. 

The  church  ahead  on  the  left  is  the  third  church  of  the 
first  parish  of  Arlington,  organized  in  1733;  the  tablet  in  front 
of  the  church  marks  the  spot  where  the  old  men  of  Menotomy 
captured  a  convoy  of  18  British  soldiers  with  supplies  intend¬ 
ed  for  the  British  at  Lexington. 

The  sandstone  building  is  the  Robbins  Library.  Next 
is  the  Arlington  high  school.  The  tablet  on  the  sidewalk 
to  the  left  marks  the  site  of  the  house  of  Jason  Russell  where 
he  and  the  eleven  other  Americans  were  captured,  disarmed 
and  killed  by  the  retreating  British,  April  19,  1775. 

The  old-fashioned  building  ahead  on  the  right  with  the 
odd-shaped  blinds  was  the  second  church  of  Arlington.  The 


12 


next  point  of  interest  is  known  as  the  “Foot  of  the  Rocks/7 
the  tablet  on  the  boulder  is  in  memory  of  Edward  Wellington, 
a  commissioned  officer  in  the  War  of  1812. 

We  next  reach  Arlington  Heights.  We  will  in  a  moment 
cross  the  boundary  line  of  Arlington  and  Lexington. 


FOOT  OF  THE  ROCKS 

Lexington  was  settled  in  1693  and  was  formerly  a  parish 
of  Cambridge  known  as  the  Cambridge  Farms,  incorporated 
in  1713,  and  has  today  a  population  of  less  than  6,000.  The 
yellow  frame  building  is  known  as  the  Lexington  Inn.  The 
next  point  of  interest  is  a  small  tablet  in  the  square  to  the  left, 
marking  the  spot  where  Benj.  Wellington,  a  Lexington  Min- 


13 


TH  E  HOME  OF  JONATHAN  HARRINGTON,  LEXINGTON,  MASS., 
LAST  SURVIVOR  OF  LEXINGTON  BATTLE 

ute  Man  was  captured  and  disarmed  by  the  British  soldiers 
early  in  the  morning  of  April  19,  1775.  The  frame  building 
with  the  columns  on  the  right  is  the  Emerson  Hall.  Here 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  and  Dr.  Follen  preached,  before  the 
construction  of  the  little  church  beyond,  which  is  the  Follen 
Unitarian  Church. 

On  the  lawn  ahead  on  the  right,  is  a  white  house  with  a 
tablet;  this  was  the  home  of]Jonathan  Harrington,  the  last  sur¬ 
vivor  of  the  Battle  of  Lexington,  born  here  in  1758  and  died 
here  in  1854  at  the  age  of  96.  He  was  the  youngest  of  the 
patriots  at  Lafayette’s  reception  in  1824.  The  large  Elm  tree 
ahead  on  the  right  was  planted  by  the  father  of  the  last  sur¬ 
vivor  of  the  Battle  of  Lexington,  in  1732. 


14 


The  next  point  of  interest  is  an  old-fashioned  house  orl 
the  left  known  as  the  Monroe  Tavern,  built  in  1695,  used  as 
headquarters  and  hospital  by  Earl  Percy  on  April  19,  1775. 
Washington  was  entertained  here  Nov.  15th,  1789,  on  his  last 
New  England  tour.  The  small  tablet  under  the  tree  on  the 
left  marks  the  spot  where  Earl  Percy  burned  several  build¬ 
ings;  on  the  hill  to  the  south  he  had  planted  one  of  his  field 
pieces  commanding  the  approaches  to  the  village.  Earl 
Percy  was  sent  out  from  Boston  by  Gen.  Gage  with  re¬ 
inforcements,  numbering  about  1,000,  to  cover  the  retreat  of 
Major  Pitcairn,  from  Concord  Bridge.  He  met  the  retreat- 


MONROE  TAVERN,  LEXINGTON,  MASS.,  BUILT  1695. 


15 


ing  British  on  these  hills  known  as  the  hills  of  East  Lex¬ 
ington,  and  here  the  British  made  their  first  successful  stand 
of  the  day.  It  has  been  admitted  by  the  British  that  if  they 
had  not  been  re-inforced  here,  none  of  them  would  have 
reached  Boston  alive;  as  it  was,  the  British  loss  during  the 


STONE  CANNON,  LEXINGTON,  MASS. 


day  was  65  killed,  176  wounded  and  27  missing;  while  the 
American  loss  was  49  killed,  36  wounded  and  5  missing. 

The  stone  cannon  on  the  lawn  of  the  Lexington  High 
School  to  the  right  marks  the  location  of  the  other  of  Earl 
Percy’s  field  pieces.  Several  shots  were  fired  from  this  can¬ 
non,  one  of  them  penetrating  the  meeting  house  on  Lexing- 


16 


ton  Green.  The  large  frame  building  with  the  large  veranda 
some  distance  ahead  on  the  right  was  the  Massachusetts  build¬ 
ing  at  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  Philadelphia  in  1876. 
The  building  was  torn  down,  brought  here  in  sections  and  is 
now  used  as  a  Keeley  Institute.  Just  beyond  is  the  Town 
Hall  of  Lexington,  where  Henry  Sandham’s  famous  painting 
of  the  battle  entitled  “The  Dawn  of  Liberty”  is  on  exhibition. 

We  are  now  approaching  the  Village  Green  where  the 
battle  of  Lexington  took  place.  On  reaching  the  Green  the 
British  soldiers  found  the  Americans  arranged  in  line  of  battle. 
The  Minute  Men  numbered  about  40  while  the  British  headed 
by  Major  Pitcairn  numbered  almost  800.  Major  Pitcairn 
dashing  into  the  centre  of  the  Minute  Men  exclaimed  “Dis¬ 
perse,  ye  damn  Yankee  Dogs”  and  fired  his  pistol  into  the  face 
of  one  of  the  Minute  Men  killing  him  on  the  spot.  With  that 
there  was  a  general  firing  from  along  the  line  of  the  British 
on  the  road  and  7  Americans  were  killed.  The  British  then 
hastened  on  to  Concord.  On  approaching  nearer  the  Green 
can  be  seen  the  large  bronze  statue  of  Capt.  John  Parker,  who 
commanded  the  Lexington  Minute  Men.  The  statue  was 
designed  by  H.  H.  Kitson  of  Boston  and  unveiled  on  April 
19,  1900.  It  surmounts  a  drinking  fountain  and  was  pre¬ 
sented  to  the  town  by  Francis  Brown  Hayes. 

Pulpit  Rock  in  the  rear  of  the  statue  marks  the  site  of  the 
first  three  meeting  houses  in  Lexington. 

Paul  Revere  on  the  night  of  his  famous  ride  took  the  first 
road  ahead  on  the  right,  Hancock  St.,  to  the  Hancock-Clarke 
House  where  Samuel  Adams  and  John  Hancock  were  sleep¬ 
ing  that  night.  A  price  had  been  set  on  the  heads  of  these 
“Arch-rebels”  who  in  fear  of  being  seized  by  Gen.  Gage,  if 
they  returned  to  Boston,  were  secretly  stopping  at  the  par- 


17 


sonage  of  the  Lexington  minister,  Jonas  Clarke,  after  the 
adjourning  of  the  second  Provincial  Congress  in  Concord- 
After  arousing  Adams  and  Hancock  he  returned  to  the  Village 
Green  and  rang  the  bell  which  hung  in  Belfry  Tower  where 


CAPTAIN  PARKER  STATUE 


the  flag  pole  now  stands.  He  was  then  joined  by  William 
Dawes  of  Boston  and  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott  of  Concord  and 
made  his  way  over  the  old  county  road  toward  Concord.  The 
Minute  Men  assembled  soon  after  the  alarm  was  rung,  but 


18 


the  British  not  being  in  sight,  were  disbanded  and  they 
adjourned  to  the  old  Buchanan  Tavern,  the  old  building 
seen  among  the  trees  on  the  right,  and  there  they  spent 
the  remainder  of  the  night.  They  were  re-assembled  on 
the  Green  at  six  o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  19th  and 
took  up  their  line  of  battle  from  the  large  boulder  on  the 
Green  to  the  mound  and  monument.  This  boulder  marks 
“the  line  of  the  Minute  Men.”  On  it  is  the  famous  command 
of  Capt.  Parker,  “Stand  your  ground.  Don’t  fire  unless  fired 
upon,  but  if  they  mean  to  have  a  war  let  it  begin  here.” 


BBP 


-tint  Q-f  TH£  Ml H 

■  Apfoi'tt  x 


STAND  YOUR  GROUND 
:  DONT  FIRE  UNLESS  FIRED  UPON 
BUT  IF  THEY  MEAN  TO  HAVE  A  WAR 

fe  '  B£CIN 


LINE  OF  THE  MINUTE  MEN 


The  ivy  covered  monument  on  the  Green  was  erected  in 
memory  of  the  seven  men  killed  on  Lexington  Green  and  is 
probably  the  oldest  memorial  to  the  Revolution  in  the  coun¬ 
try.  The  inscription  on  the  monument  was  written  by  the 
Rev.  Jonas  Clarke,  who  was  pastor  of  Lexington  at  the  time 
of  the  battle  and  reads  as  follows: 


19 


Sacred  to  Liberty  &  the  Rights  of  mankind 
The  Freedom  &  Independence  of  America 
Sealed  &  defended  with  the  blood  of  her  sons 

This  Monument  is  erected 
By  the  inhabitants  of  Lexington, 

Under  the  patronage  &  at  the  expense  of 
The  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts 
To  the  memory  of  their  Fellow  Citizens 
Ensign  Robert  Munroe,  Messrs .  Jonas  Parker ,  Caleb  Harrington 
Samuel  Hadley ,  Jonathan  Harrington  and  John  Brown 
Of  Lexington  &  Asahel  Porter  of  Woburn 
Who  fell  on  this  field,  the  first  Victims  to  the 
Sword  of  British  Tyranny  &  Oppression 
On  the  morning  of  the  ever  memorable 
Nineteenth  of  April  An  Dom  1775 
The  Die  was  cast 
The  Blood  of  these  Martyrs 
In  the  cause  of  God  &  their  Country 
Was  the  Cement  of  the  Union  of  these  States,  then 
Colonies,  &  gave  the  spring  to  the  spirit,  Firmness 
And  resolution  of  their  Fellow  Citizens 
They  rose  as  one  man  to  revenge  their  brethren’s 
Blood,  &  at  the  point  of  the  sword,  to  assert  & 

Defend  their  native  Rights 
They  nobly  dar’d  to  be  free  !  ! 

The  contest  was  long,  bloody  &  affecting 
Righteous  Heaven  approved  the  solemn  appeal; 
Victory  crowned  their  arms;  and 
The  Peace,  Liberty  &  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  was  their  glorious  Reward. 

Built  in  the  year  1799 


20 


The  yellow  building  between  Hancock  and  Bedford  Sts., 
is  known  as  Historic  Hall,  was  built  in  1828  as  the  Lexington 
Academy;  here  on  July  4,  1839,  was  opened  the  first  normal 
school  in  America  with  three  pupils.  Opposite  the  head  of 
the  Green  on  our  right  we  pass  “the  house  of  Jonathan  Har¬ 
rington,  who,  wounded  on  the  common  by  the  British, 
dragged  himself  to  the  door  and  died  at  his  wife’s  feet.” 

The  meeting  house  on  our  right  is  the  fourth  church  of  the 
first  parish  of  Lexington.  The  top  step  of  this  church  is  on 
an  equal  level  above  the  sea  with  the  top  of  Bunker  Hill  Monu¬ 
ment. 

We  now  return  to  the  road  which  Paul  Revere  and  the 
British  Troops  took  on  the  way  from  Lexington  to  Concord. 
This  is  Massachusetts  Avenue,  the  old  county  road.  The 
next  point  of  interest  is  Rally  Bluff.  Here  on  their  retreat 
from  Concord  Bridge  the  British  officers  endeavored  to  rally 
their  men,  but  after  a  sharp  fight  they  were  driven  from  the 
hill  in  great  confusion  by  the  Americans  and  retreated 
to  Fiske  Hill  beyond.  The  road  now  leads  us  through  North 
Lincoln.  The  large  tablet  in  the  stone  wall  on  the  right  marks 
the  cow  pasture  where  Paul  Revere  was  captured  by  the 
British  scouts.  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott  who  accompanied  him 
on  his  ride  mounted  a  stone  wall,  escaped  the  British  scouts 
and  by  a  path  known  to  himself  reached  Concord  and  warned 
the  Minute  Men  of  that  town.  Paul  Revere  was  carried  to 
Lexington  by  the  patrol  but  no  papers  being  found  on  his 
person  to  convict  him  he  was  released. 

We  are  now  within  the  town  limits  of  Concord.  Concord 
was  settled  in  1635,  5  years  after  Boston  and  is  the  oldest 
English  town  in  America  settled  above  tide  water.  The 
turn  in  the  road  ahead  on  the  right  is  known  as  Meriam’s 
Corner,  as  the  tablet  on  the  corner  reads: 

“The  British  troops,  retreating  from  the  Old  North  Bridge 


21 


were  here  attacked  in  flank  by  the  men  of  Concord  and  neigh¬ 
boring  towns,  and  driven  under  a  hot  fire  to  Charlestown. ” 

The  little  white  building  on  our  right  is  the  Grapevine 
cottage,  the  home  of  E.  W.  Bull,  the  originator  of  the  Con¬ 
cord  Grape.  Beside  the  cottage,  under  the  trellis  may  be 
seen  the  first  Concord  Grapevine  planted  in  1853. 


ORIGINAL  VINE  OF  THE  CONCORD  GRAPE,  1853 


The  many-gabled  house  next  on  our  right  is  “The  Wayside” 
where  Hawthorne  spent  the  last  twelve  years  of  his  life.  Here 
he  wrote  “Tanglewood  Tales,”  “Septimus  Felton”  and  the 
“Marble  Faun.”  The  “Wayside”  is  now  owned  by  Mrs. 
Lothrop,  the  widow  of  the  Boston  publisher  Daniel  Lothrop. 
She,  under  the  name  of  Margaret  Sidney,  wrote  “The  Five 
Little  Peppers  and  How  They  Grew.” 

The  tablet  in  the  woods  on  our  right  marks  Hawthorne’s 
favorite  path  to  the  study  which  he  had  constructed  in  a 
mammoth  pine  tree  on  the  top  of  the  ridge.  The  outer  row 


22 


23 


THE  WAYSIDE,  HOME  OF  NATHANIEL  HAWTHORNE,  CONCORD,  MASS. 


of  trees  are  English  Larches  and  were  imported  by  Hawthorne 
from  Liverpool  when  he  was  United  States  Consul  to  that 
port.  Next  on  the  right  is  the  “Orchard  House”  the  home 
of  Louisa  May  Alcott.  Here  she  wrote  “Little  Women.” 
The  large  trees  in  front  of  the  house  she  called  her  Sentinel 
trees,  beneath  which  she  wrote  many  of  her  works.  In  the 
rear,  the  small  wooden  building  is  the  School  of  Philosophy, 
established  by  Amos  Bronson  Alcott  in  1879. 

The  next  house  was  the  home  of  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott  who 
accompanied  Paul  Revere  on  his  famous  ride  and  who  gave 
the  alarm  in  Concord.  Over  the  hill  on  the  left  among  the 
pines  is  Lake  Walden  on  the  shores  of  which  Thoreau  built 
his  hut  and  wrote  his  famous  book  “Walden.”  The  large 
white  house  among  the  trees  on  our  left  was  the  home  of 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  for  forty  seven  years.  Here  he  wrote 
most  of  his  works.  The  lower  right  hand  corner  room  was 
his  library  and  study.  This  room  is  in  the  same  condition  in 
which  the  author  left  it.  He  died  in  the  upper  left  hand  cor¬ 
ner  room  in  1882.  The  house  was  the  home  of  his  daughter 
Miss  Ellen  Emerson  until  she  died  in  February  1909.  It  is 
now  owned  by  Dr.  Edward  Emerson  and  is  occupied  by 
Concord  school  teachers. 

The  red  building  on  our  right  is  the  home  of  the  Concord 
Antiquarian  Society.  One  room  is  devoted  exclusively  to 
Thoreau  relics;  here  also  is  the  sword  of  Col.  James  Barrett 
who  led  the  fight  at  the  bridge.  The  meeting  house  on  the 
left  is  the  second  church  of  the  first  parish  of  Concord,  built 
in  1900  to  replace  the  old  building  which  was  built  in  1712 
and  burned  to  the  ground  April  12,  1900.  In  the  old  church 
was  held  the  First  Provincial  Congress  of  Delegates  from  the 
towns  of  Massachusetts.  This  assembly  was  held  on  Oct.  11, 
1774,  with  John  Hancock  as  President.  By  its  acts  it  paved 
the  way  for  the  Revolution  and  organized  the  Militia  com¬ 
panies  that  were  afterwards  nicknamed  Minute  Men,  from 


24 


25 


THE  ORCHARD  HOUSE,  HOME  OF  LOUISA  MAY  ALCOTT,  CONCORD,  MASS. 


the  wording  of  the  clause  which  stated  that  they  were  to  be 
ready  for  war  at  a  minute’s  notice. 

Adjoining  the  church,  is  the  Old  Wright  Tavern  built  in 
1747.  It  was  the  headquarters  of  the  Minute  Men  long 
before  the  war  broke  out;  here  the  patriotic  agitators  held 
forth  nightly  and  over  their  tankards  discussed  the  conflict 
that  was  sure  to  come.  On  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  it  was 
the  headquarters  of  the  British  officers;  here  Major  Pitcairn 
made  his  famous  boast  while  stirring  his  toddy,  that  he  would 

“stir  the  blood  of  the  d - Yankees  that  day.”  The  old 

Tavern  some  years  ago  was  purchased  by  two  public  spirited 
men,  Reuben  Rice  and  Judge  Rockwood  Hoar,  who  presented 
it  to  the  First  Parish  Church  that  it  may  be  preserved  and 
always  kept  as  a  tavern. 

This  house  is  well  worth  a  short  visit  for  here  in  addition 
to  its  historic  relics,  may  be  found  a  complete  line  of  Concord 
souvenirs,  post  cards,  souvenir  china,  and  on  the  walls  of  the 
old  dining  room  are  hung  these  legends: 

The  legend  tells  that  in  this  house 
The  silver  of  the  church 
Was  hidden  in  a  keg  of  soap 
Away  from  British  search, 

Certain  it  is  her  ancient  creed 
So  guarded  sacred  things, 

That  to  her  solemn  verities 

No  “soft  soap”  ever  clings. 

One  Brown  once  kept  the  Tavern  Wright, 
and  a  brave  man  was  he, 

For  in  the  Boston  Tea  Party,  he  helped  to 
pour  the  tea. 

This  fact  is  chiselled  on  his  stone,  and 
grave  stones  never  lie, 

But  always  speak  the  living  truth  just  as 
do  you  and  I. 


26 


27 


THE  OLD  WRIGHT  TAVERN,  1747 


The  old  Tavern  has  excellent  accommodations  for  tran¬ 
sient  and  permanent  guests,  is  now  heated  by  steam  and 
lighted  by  electricity  and  conducted  on  the  European  plan. 

On  the  hill  to  the  right  opposite  the  tavern  is  the  old  hill 
burying  ground,  the  oldest  cemetery  in  town,  containing 
the  remains  of  the  early  settlers  of  Concord  and  many  of  the 
patriots  of  the  Revolution.  The  oldest  headstone  with  a 
date  that  is  legible  is  1677.  Adjoining  the  cemetery  is  St. 
Bernard’s  church.  We  now  enter  Monument  Sq.,  Concord. 
The  large  granite  monument  was  erected  in  memory  of  the 
Concord  men  who  lost  their  lives  in  Civil  War.  The  large 
elm  tree  in  the  square  on  the  right  is  known  as  the  Town  Elm 
under  which  the  townspeople  held  their  patriot  meetings 
during  the  Revolution.  Here  the  Reverend  William 
Emerson  addressed  the  Minute  Men  on  the  morning  of 
April  19,  1775,  exhorting  them  to  stand  firm  for  their 
liberty.  On  April  19,  1812,  Dr.  William  Emerson,  a  son 
of  the  former,  addressed  the  Concord  soldiers  before  their 
departure  for  the  second  war  with  Great  Britain.  April  19, 
186 1 7  just  forty-nine  years  later,  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson 
addressed  the  Concord  soldiers  under  the  tree  before  their 
departure  for  the  South,  and  again,  April  19,  1898,  on  the 
eve  of  the  Spanish-American  War,  Dr.  Edward  Emerson 
performed  the  same  patriotic  duty  as  his  ancestors. 

The  large  boulder  on  the  end  of  the  Green  to  the  left  was 
erected  in  memory  of  three  Concord  young  men  who  lost  their 
lives  in  the  invasion  of  Porto  Rico. 

The  tablet  across  the  square  on  the  left  marks  the  site  of 
the  first  town  hall  which  was  burned  by  the  British. 

We  are  now  on  Monument  St.,  over  which  the  British 
soldiers  marched  on  their  way  to  the  North  Bridge.  The 
large  yellow  house  on  the  right  is  the  Elisha  Jones  house, 
better  known  as  the  house  with  the  bullet  hole.  In  the  ell 
part  of  the  house  may  be  seen  a  bullet  hole  made  by  a  British 


28 


c3 

T3 


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o 

O 

c 


29 


CONCORD  TOWN  ELM 


soldier  retreating  from  the  North  Bridge.  Just  above  the 
bullet  hole  is  a  block  from  the  original  North  Bridge.  The 
house  is  now  occupied  by  the  Hon.  John  S.  Keyes,  the 
oldest  resident  of  Concord — he  was  present  at  Lafayette's 
reception  in  Concord  Town  Hall  in  1824.  Almost  opposite 
the  Jones  House  is  the  Old  Manse,  made  famous  by 
Hawthorne's  “Mosses  from  an  old  Manse."  The  house  was 
built  in  1764  for  the  Rev.  Wm.  Emerson,  the  grandfather  of 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  Here  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  wrote 
his  “Nature."  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  lived  here  from  1842  to 
1846. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  BRIDGE,  CONCORD,  MASS. 


We  now  enter  the  battle  ground  of  Concord,  the  most  sacred 
spot  in  America.  “Here  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  was  made 
the  first  forcible  resistance  to  British  aggression.  On  the 
opposite  bank  stood  the  American  Militia.  Here  stood  the 
invading  army  and  on  this  spot  the  first  of  the  enemy  fell  in 
the  war  of  that  Revolution  which  gave  Independence  to  these 
United  States.  In  gratitude  to  God  and  in  the  love  of  Free- 


30 


THE  MINUTE  MAN,  CONCORD,  MASS, 


dom  this  monument  was  erected  in  1836. ”  Just  beside  the 
monument  near  the  stone  wall  are  the  graves  of  the  two 
British  soldiers  killed  by  the  first  fire  of  the  Minute  Men.  On 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  Concord  river  is  the  statue  of  the 
Minute  Man  marking  the  position  of  the  Americans.  This 
statue,  considered  one  of  the  finest  bronze  statues  in  America, 
was  designed  by  Daniel  C.  French,  and  moulded  from  cannon 
that  were  used  in  the  war  of  1812.  It  was  unveiled  on  April 
19,  1875,  on  the  100th  anniversary  of  the  Concord  fight  by 
Gen.  Grant,  President  of  the  United  States,  his  cabinet  and 
the  Governors  of  the  six  New  England  States.  The  oration 
of  the  day  was  delivered  by  Geo.  Wm.  Curtis,  an  address  was 
made  by  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  and  a  poem  read  by  James 
Russell  Lowell.  The  inscription  on  the  base  is  one  of  the 
stanzas  of  Emerson’s  Concord  Hymn  and  follows: 

By  the  rude  bridge  that 
arched  the  flood, 

Their  flag  to  April’s 

breeze  unfurled, 

Here  once  the  embattled 
farmers  stood, 

And  fired  the  shot  heard 
round  the  world. 

“The  Minute  Man  speaks  not  to  Americans  only,  but  he 
speaks  to  the  whole  race  of  men  in  all  times  and  all  places. 
He  stands  there  as  the  universal  embodiment  of  human 
freedom.  He  represents  the  everlasting  protest  of  mankind 
against  tyranny  and  oppression.  If  those  mute  lips  and  that 
heroic  attitude  say  anything,  they  say  this,  which,  in  feebler 
and  less  articulate  tones,  men  have  been  trying  to  say 
throughout  all  the  ages,  that  the  individual  life  is  God-given 
and  inviolate.” 


32 


m j  ■■  ' 

fry'  '<v.  :  '  ■  '  '  y'V-.V:  -  !  '  ■  "'•/ 


